Classical models built from the math you already know
What happens when a hundred people each guess the jellybean count in a jar? Any single guess can be wildly off: one person is fooled by how tall the jar looks, another by how small the beans look from across the room. Average all hundred guesses together, though, and those private errors mostly cancel out. The averaged guess lands close to the true count far more often than any one person managed alone.
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▶ Bagging & Random Forests